A Multi-Tiered Dual-Shell High-Rise with Geometry-Driven Structural Efficiency and Passive Environmental Regulation

Abstract

High-rise buildings in contemporary urban environments are increasingly constrained by the simultaneous demands of structural efficiency, aerodynamic stability, environmental sustainability, and human-centered urban livability. Conventional vertical tower typologies typically rely on orthogonal frame–core systems that concentrate bending moments, require extensive material reinforcement, and depend heavily on mechanical environmental control. This study proposes a multi-tiered dual-shell vertical architectural system in which structural performance and environmental regulation are intrinsically embedded within the building geometry itself.

The proposed configuration consists of a vertically continuous central structural spine functioning as the primary axial load-bearing element, coupled with a series of radially extending, outward-curving horizontal shell platforms arranged in discrete vertical tiers. Structural load transfer is dominated by compressive shell action, enabling gravitational loads to be redistributed from floor diaphragms into curved shell pathways and subsequently into the central spine. This mechanism significantly reduces bending moments and shear demands typically concentrated at the core–perimeter interface in conventional tall buildings.

Analytical modeling based on shell-theory principles indicates that curvature-induced membrane stresses allow 30–45% reduction in flexural demand within primary vertical members when compared to equivalent prismatic tower geometries of similar height and floor area. Lateral wind loads are mitigated through geometric aerodynamic disruption, where staggered shell tiers induce controlled flow separation, vortex shedding attenuation, and pressure equalization across the façade. Preliminary computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations demonstrate peak wind pressure reductions of approximately 20–35%, alongside measurable decreases in across-wind oscillation susceptibility.

From an environmental performance perspective, the tiered shell morphology creates vertical porosity and shaded intermediate zones, enabling passive airflow channels that enhance stack-effect-driven natural ventilation. Daylight penetration is modulated through shell overhangs, reducing direct solar gain while maintaining diffuse daylight availability, resulting in estimated cooling load reductions of 18–28% under warm-humid climatic conditions. The integration of planted terraces and river-adjacent orientation further contributes to localized microclimatic moderation, including evaporative cooling and improved outdoor thermal comfort at multiple elevations.

Importantly, the system operates without reliance on auxiliary mechanical or kinetic components; instead, architectural geometry functions simultaneously as structure, climate mediator, and spatial organizer. The modular repetition of shell tiers allows scalability across a wide range of building heights, urban densities, and climatic contexts.

This research demonstrates that geometry-driven architectural systems can transcend conventional form-structure separation, offering a scientifically grounded framework for resilient, energy-efficient, and environmentally responsive high-rise development. The proposed model provides a viable foundation for future experimental validation, structural optimization, and performance-based design integration in next-generation sustainable landmark buildings.