Development and Characterization of Ficus trichopoda Latex Bio-Binder for Natural Fiber Composites

Abstract

In this study, the potential of Ficus trichopoda latex as a sustainable bio-binder for natural fiber composite applications was evaluated. Chemical, physical, and thermal characterization were performed on produced samples. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis identified key functional groups (hydroxyl (–OH), carbonyl (C=O), and ether (C–O–C) linkages) that shows the presence of polyphenolic and lignocellulosic constituents capable of promoting strong interfacial bonding within composite systems. The modulus of rigidity of the extract ranged between 1.6 and 2.0 GPa, suggesting moderate stiffness and adequate intermolecular cohesion which is required for structural applications. Density measurements revealed an apparent density of 1.05 g cm⁻³ and a true density of 1.21 g cm⁻³, indicating low porosity and good compactness which are essential for effective load transfer and dimensional stability.